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On its introduction, it proved so accurate that the Army marksmanship tests had to be redesigned. Made by Heckler and Koch, they fire NATO standard 5.56 x 45mm ammunition. A major mid-life update in 2002 resulted in the SA80A2 series - the most reliable weapons of their type in the world. This reliability is combined with accuracy, versatility and ergonomic design. It is considered a first-class weapon system and world leader in small arms. Advantages of the system are low recoil, ease of use, reduced ammunition weight and ability to have a chambered grenade at the ready whilst continuing to fire the SA80. There are six UGLs per platoon resulting in greatly increased flexibility and weight of fire. It also has an increased magazine capacity of 17 x 9mm rounds, compared to 13 rounds for the Browning. The rifle fires a 7.62mm round and has enhanced accuracy of engagement during longer-range firefights. This weapon is used by some of the best shots in the infantry. It is fitted with an EOT tech sight for use day or night and a fixed iron sight. It has a telescopic buttstock. It can be fired from the conventional fire positions, except the squatting position. In SF mode, the GPMG, with a two-man crew, lays down 750 rounds-per-minute at ranges up to 1800 metres. A fold-out bipod is used to support the GPMG in the LMG role. An essential addition to any infantry battalion. It is also mounted on most Army vehicles and some helicopters. On the other hand, mortars have the disadvantage of a relatively low rate of fire. This means that as soon as the missile is launched, the firer can acquire another target or move position. Javelin has a maximum range of 2500m, and overfly and direct attack modes of operation. Designed to be fired by non-experts, it complements the heavier Javelin missile carried by specialist anti-tank platoons, and is a significant addition to the infantry's firepower against tanks, armoured vehicles and bunkers.
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Login or Create an Account If you would like to make a purchase today, add items to your shopping cart. Exec Time: 0.172612 Seconds. Memory Usage: 5.893211 Megabytes. Such manuals were especially important in the matchlock and flintlock eras, when loading and firing was a complex and lengthy process typically carried out in close order. When capitalized, the term has reference to one of several important manuals, such as the British Army manual of 1764, the manual of Frederick the Great or Von Steuben 's Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States, adopted by the Continental Army in 1777. The positions and evolutions contained in such manuals have become the standard for parade drill throughout most of the world.You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The medal, initially struck in bronze and from 1872 in silver, was inscribed with the year in which it was won and the winner’s name, number and regiment. It became the winner’s property and could be worn by him during the whole of his service. The purpose of the Army VIII was to select a team for Inter-Service matches organised by the NRA. The ranges remained at Wimbledon Common until 1889, moving to Bisley from 1890 (NRA, 2018). Bisley has since hosted world championships, commonwealth games and Olympic shooting events. The NRA was also incorporated by Royal Charter in 1890 (NRA, 2018). The object was to promote interest in small arms shooting for service purposes by means of individual and collective competitions, matches being framed to induce practice in methods which led to increased efficiency on the battlefield. This remained in the charter until 2005 when the ARA adopted a new constitution.
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The ARA is the umbrella organisation for Army shooting, with a number of Arm and Service specific organisations such as the Royal Signals Shooting Association (British Army, 2010) and the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) Rifle Association. The medal could now be awarded to the champions of Army marksmanship competitions held under battle conditions at annual central meetings in the UK, the British Dominions, Colonies, and India. Although Air Force and Naval personnel could compete, and win the championship, they could not win the medal. Early participating countries were Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, South Africa, and Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). A date clasp was also introduced in 1923, for award with the medal to first recipients as well as, without a medal, to champions who had already been awarded the medal. The clasp is inscribed with the year of the award and is designed to be attached to the medal’s suspension bar. The institution of the clasp was followed in 1926 with the provision that a rosette may be worn on the ribbon bar to indicate the award of each subsequent clasp. Although interrupted on a number of occasions, the Queen’s Medal continues to be awarded annually in New Zealand. The Indian competition was last held in 1938, being interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. When India gained independence in 1947 the medal ceased to be awarded. In South Africa, the competition was not held in 1926, nor 1940 to 1947. The last medal was awarded in 1961, the year that South Africa became a republic. From 1962, the British medal was replaced by the Commandant General’s Medal, which could be awarded to champions from the army, navy, or air force. From 1940 to 1947 the competition was interrupted by World War II.
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After Rhodesia’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 November 1965, the competition and the award of the Queen’s Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces continued for another four years, until Rhodesia severed its ties with the British Crown on 02 March 1970 and, in that same year, instituted the President’s Medal for Shooting of the Security Forces. In 1935, two medals were granted for the UK, one for the Regular Army and one for the Territorial Army. In order to also be eligible for the medal, members of the Supplementary Reserve were included in the competition’s definition of the Territorial Army from 1936. In 1936, approval was given for the medal for the Regular Army to the winner of the Army Championship at the ARA Central Meeting. The Queen’s Medal for the Territorial Army is now awarded to the winner of the Territorial Army Service Rifle Championship which takes place during the TA Central Meeting (TASAM). CENTSAM was comprised of: From 1963, two Queen’s Medals for Champion Shots in the Military Forces were awarded annually in Canada, the second to a member of either the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or the Canadian Reserve Force. The first Queen’s Medal competition in Jamaica was held in 1963, and can still be awarded annually in Jamaica. The medal can be competed for by all serving officers and ratings in the Royal Navy and serving officers and other ranks of the Royal Marines. No shooting competition is held in the UK in 1991 due to the Gulf War (RAF Media Reserves, 2016). The first was Marjorie Foster in 1930 (Sengupta, 2000). The ranges involved were Multiple Moving Target Trainer Ranges (MMTTR) and Individual Battle Shooting Ranges (IBSR). The idea was to create an environment that accurately replicated the pressures and experiences of the combat or operational environment with the aim to better prepare soldiers for deployment to contemporary battlefields.
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Domed roofs, ditches, walls, ladders, replica trees, building facades and blast holes were designed and built to provide an authentic experience for soldiers. In front of all moving targets, screens of various shapes were positioned to emulate the operational environment and make the target exposure shorter. Greater emphasis was also placed on team matches and firing from the standing and kneeling positions. Training was designed to be more imaginative and progressive, in order to improve accuracy and prevent skill fade. In parallel to the introduction of the new AOSP, adjustments were made to the training of all Skill at Arms Instructors to ensure that they would be better able to coach marksmanship and correct individual shooting weaknesses. The intention was to improve the capability of small arms users by developing the efficiency and effectiveness of current ranges. This would support the mandatory, progressive small arms training in order for UK Defence forces to achieve their Operational Shooting Requirements (OSR) and Marksmanship Standards detailed in the revised AOSP (Rockford, 2011). For example (Travis, 2017): More complex weapons make greater demands of the average solider. For the Army, this poses a number of organisational and ongoing challenges associated with the provision of shooting ranges, time for shooting practice and sufficient quantities of ammunition to allow soldiers to bring themselves up to proficiency. These practicalities in turn have an impact on soldier recruitment profiles.” The role of the OSTT includes: Be in no doubt Service Weapon shooting is serious business; it can, however, also be fun and personally satisfying.” (Morgan-Hosey, 2008, p.5). Each competitor must wear webbing weighing a minimum of 7.5 kg (weight excludes weapon, helmet, and ammunition) and combat body armour when they compete, which adds to the challenge during the 500m to 100m fire-with-movement matches. Certain matches also require the wearing of a respirator.
It is regarded as the largest shooting competition in the world.” (RCS, 2017). However, there are a number of qualifying competitions prior to this stage. Competition levels vary according to Service, as noted in the following sections. DEF OSC, also known as the Central Skill at Arms Meeting (CENTSAM) (GBA, 2017), is the culmination of British military (British Army, RAF, and Royal Navy and Royal Marines) operational shooting competitions, and the British National Rifle Association Service Competitions at the National Shooting Centre, Bisley in Surrey, England. The first week is devoted to training, and getting to know the more complicated shoots, such as the night shoot (Hanson, 2014). They then run the stages to 75 yards to fire kneeling around cover, then 50 yards firing standing and kneeling, followed by standing at 25 metres. The competitors then sling their rifles, draw pistols to engage targets at 25, 20, 15 and 10 metres in both the standing and kneeling positions.” (RAF News, 2017, p.34). Teams now have to complete a casevac (casualty evacuation) with a 75kg dummy over 300 metres and carry ammunition tins along the range during the frantic move-and-fire shoot. The discipline tasks personnel with advancing to combat along a 100-metre range, switching from rifle to pistol for the final sections to simulate what they would have to do if their weapon malfunctioned; and The winners then attend the President’s Lunch, followed by the official prize giving ceremony with the presentation of trophies to the successful home and international military teams and individuals. On completion of the ceremony, a band will play the National Anthem to close the event (ACF, 2012). The Army Reserve FTC OSC was launched in Pirbright in 2015 (RFCA NI, 2015). The FTC OSC is usually held in April or May. The GpOSC is one of two qualifying competitions from which personnel can be selected for the RAF OSC.
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To get to the GpOSC stage personnel must qualify and be selected at the individual unit-level within their RAF Group. The purpose of the RMOSC is to evaluate the marksmanship skill, and physical and operational abilities of American, British, French, and Dutch Marines in combat related shooting matches by utilising realistic structures, fast-moving targets, and movement to contact drills. It is to be worn in perpetuity on all forms of dress as laid down in the relevant regulations. Three medals are awarded annually, one to the Royal Navy or Royal Marines, one to the Army, and one to the RAF. The Queen’s Medal is the only award which may be worn on dress uniform (Watson, 2013; Forces Network, 2014). Within DEF OSC, the Queen’s Medal for shooting is awarded to the best shooter for each Service. Although foreign nationals may compete in DEF OSC, and other British OSC, they cannot win a Queen’s Medal as they are invited “on an honours-only basis” (Lanktree, 2015). The same is true for British nationals when they attend certain foreign competitions. However, as noted earlier, certain commonwealth countries do have their own version of the Queen’s Medal. Examples of extant and obsolete medals include: Instituted in 1966. Instituted in 1953. Instituted in 1958. Instituted in 1991. Instituted in 1988. At left is the naked and cloaked warrior, with his left foot on the throne dais, a bow and a quiver of arrows in his right hand and supporting a target with three arrows through its centre on his left knee. The clasps are designed to be attached to the suspender and to each other with rivets, in roller chain fashion. When medals are not worn, the award of second and subsequent clasps are denoted by silver rosettes on the ribbon bar. Since it is impossible to sew more than four rosettes onto a single ribbon bar, and since several champions have won the award more than five times, gold rosettes were introduced to cover situations where more than five championships have been won.
There are firing points at 25m and 50m. The aim of the T2T programme is to feed Team GB with personnel, who through the military, can practice full-time with firearms not usually available to the general public. It provides a brief history of operational shooting, as well as outlining the various levels of competition open to personnel. It also highlights some of the medals and trophies awarded to competitors, and the training and shooting facilities available. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Royal Air Force News.Soldier: The Magazine of the British Arm y. March 2018, p.12. Warminster: Land Warfare Centre. Warminster: Land Warfare Centre. The Craftsman: The Magazine of the Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. October 2016, p.454-455. Okay, thank you. Get special offers emailed to you weekly and stay up to date with the latest specialist military publications.By the end of the conflict, after Kitchener’s call for volunteers and finally conscription had scoured the nation for men, millions had served. To turn these civilians into soldiers, and to teach the new tactics and weapons that the war produced, the Army produced a hail of manuals, textbooks and instructions, many of which are only available from the Naval and MIlitary Press. No. 1. October 1917. No. 2. November-December 1917 The price you see on the web page is the price you pay. Get special offers emailed to you weekly and stay up to date with the latest specialist military publications.So, whether your intererest lies in the infantry and cavalry tactics of the earliest regiments of the British army in the 18th century, or the weapons manuals and firing instructions of 20th century warfare, the Naval and Military Press has the right book for you. The price you see on the web page is the price you pay.
In Ontario, the franchise was extended to men who were not normally allowed to vote, including those under the age of twenty-one and members of the First Nations, provided they were serving in the military. According to these regulations, medical requirements for volunteers to the CEF were fairly stringent. This version of the pamphlet dates from 1941. A somewhat different 1944 version is also available on Wartime Canada.Please feel free to contact either of the project co-directors, Jonathan F. Vance or Graham Broad. Training to become a marksmen lasts approximately two to three weeks and ends with qualification testing where you must pass with a minimum score in order to proceed to graduation. Just passing the marksmanship training course will earn you an Army marksmanship badge. You must hit 23 to 29 out of the 40 targets in order to earn the marksmanship qualification. If you do a little better (30 to 35), you qualify for the sharpshooter badge. To get an expert badge, you must hit 36 to 40 of the targets. You also find out how to safely load and unload the weapon, but you won’t actually be firing during this phase. It stands for Slap, Pull, Observe, Release, Tap, and Shoot. During phase 1, you’ll also learn and practice the four fundamentals of Army marksmanship: You also learn how to position your elbow, support the weapon, relax your muscles, and feel the natural point of aim. You also find out how to establish and maintain a viable sight picture. When you fire the weapon, you hold your breath. Breathing while firing will cause the bullet to move up or down, missing your intended target. Instead, you gently squeeze it. Pulling the trigger results in the weapon shifting left or right so that the bullet misses the intended target. You don’t have to wear all your combat gear during this phase. The objective is to just get you used to safely and accurately handling your weapon.
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The Army has eliminated this requirement until after you achieve your basic rifle qualification. Your instructor then spends six hours giving you feedback about your downrange performance and advice on how to improve your marksmanship ability. You must pass the minimum standards in order to graduate from Army basic combat training. In my experience, foxhole is the most stable firing position. In order to qualify, you must hit at least 23 out of 40 pop-up targets at rangesvarying from 5 meters to 300 meters (approximately 80 to 327 yards). Here’s everything you need to know Right in your inbox. For more newsletters, check out our Subscriptions page. Leaders Say It's Because Navy Culture Is Changing. As a result, the winter of 1916-17 saw the production of new military manuals that would change tactical level warfare in the BEF. Emphasis was placed upon infantry being able to fight its way forward independently of artillery support as a battle developed. At its heart was the belief that the advantages of different weapon types could be brought to bear on the enemy as and when needed. Consequently, the formations, preparation and training practised for the Battle of Arras were to be different to those used during attacks the previous year. Image is author's own (CC-BY-NC-SA) In simple terms, the attack was to be led forward by bomb and rifle sections, with the rifle grenade and Lewis gun sections following close behind. Upon contact with the enemy, the rifles and the bombers were to seek out the enemy flank and attack with fire, bayonet and bomb. The rifle grenadiers and Lewis gun team were to attempt to suppress the enemy, allowing the other sections to press home their attack. In order to encourage these developments, training regimes were to be based upon the following requirements: All ranks must be taught that their aim and object is to come to close quarters with the enemy as quickly as possible so as to be able to use the bayonet.
This must become a second nature. True soldierly spirit must be built up in sections and platoons. Each section should consider itself the best section in the platoon, and each platoon the best in the battalion. Such contests were geared towards the development of weapon skills outlined in SS143, but also inter unit rivalry and a higher level of general fitness. Here are the activities in a competition organised by 112 Brigade in March 1917: In conjunction with effective preparations, efficient staff work, and overwhelming artillery support, Instructions for the Training of Platoons for Offensive Action 1917 provided a simple tactical blueprint that would play a part in the BEF’s victories in 1918. I curate and design exhibitions including several First World War Centenary projects. Until 2011, I worked at Banbury Museum and was a trustee of the Battlefields Trust working on HLF projects. In 2009, I had published 'Lancashire's Forgotten Heroes' - a history of the 8th East Lancashire Regiment in the Great War. I completed an MA (Distinction) in Museum Studies at Leicester University in 2011. By Joseph Trevithick July 4, 2018 The War Zone National Firearms Museum SHARE Since the United States has now been an independent country for more than 230 years, it might be hard for many Americans to remember that the success of the colonial uprising was hardly assured due to a host of political and military factors. The Revolutionary War, as is the case with most conflicts, was a proving ground of sorts of new technology, with the colonists and their allies notably using naval mines, and even an experimental submarine, to upend Britain’s near complete naval dominance. On land, though, one British Army officer was demonstrating a then state-of-the-art rifle in an attempt to help sway the course of the conflict in the other direction and may have even had General George Washington directly in his sights at one point.
By the time the Second Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, Patrick Ferguson had already fought against the Holy Roman Empire in Europe during the Seven Years' War and served more time in the British Army in the British Empire’s West Indies colonies. In 1772, the Scotsman had returned to the British Isles where he subsequently took part in then relatively unusual light infantry training and began work on what would become Ferguson’s Ordnance Rifle. This F-16 Unit Battling ISIS Has Legendarily Rebellious Revolutionary War Roots By Joseph Trevithick Posted in The War Zone The Revolutionary War Gave Birth To The Age Of Naval Mine Warfare By Tyler Rogoway Posted in The War Zone Special Operators Getting A New Round For Their Precision Rifles And An 'Assault' Machine Gun By Joseph Trevithick Posted in The War Zone Leaked Report Points To Accuracy, Reliability Issues With The Marine Corps' Newest Rifles By Joseph Trevithick Posted in The War Zone US Army Wants Its Future Automatic Rifle to Adapt to Other Roles By Joseph Trevithick Posted in The War Zone Through much of the 18th Century and into the 19th Century, the British Army relied heavily on the Land Pattern Musket, or variants and derivatives thereof. Nicknamed the “Brown Bess” for still unclear reasons, the gun was typical of its time. A muzzle-loading flintlock During the Revolutionary War, American forces used similar muzzling loading muskets, including captured British guns, as well as muzzling-loading rifles, such as the Kentucky Rifle. With the Brown Bess, a well-trained soldier could manually load the powder charge and projectiles, ram them in place, set the priming compound under the flint, and then fire at a rate of between three and four shots per minute. It would be rifled for greater accuracy at range compared to the smooth-bore musket, too.
To be fair, Ferguson was hardly the first to come up with the idea of a breech loading flintlock firearm or a mechanism that allowed for rapid fire. The design of Ferguson’s Ordnance Rifle lifts many key design features from a sporting gun a Frenchman named Isaac de la Chaumette had developed decades earlier.But Ferguson’s rifle was a significant improvement over that earlier design. Instead of having to tediously unscrew the action, thanks to a more efficient series of grooves, the shooter only had to swing the trigger guard one full revolution to crank open up a cavity at the breech. Then they could drop the projectile into place along with the powder charge. Closing the mechanism would force the powder charge into place and expel any excess in the process. The rest of the firing sequence was just like a typical flintlock rifle. You can watch the full sequence in the video below, which features a reproduction Ferguson rifle. In addition, since the user wouldn’t have to prop the gun up in some way to tip the powder and ball into the muzzle, they could employ the rifle from a prone position. This could have allowed sharpshooters to better conceal themselves behind cover or while lying down in dense foliage or tall grass, something that snipers today probably take for granted. In an initial demonstration for the British War Office and Board of Ordnance, Ferguson himself and 10 other trained soldiers were reportedly able to show a single rifle could put 15 balls on a target at 200 yards in just five minutes. This was as fast as shooting with the Brown Bess, but much more precise. The belief was that an infantry unit trained to effectively use the weapon could improve their rate of fire significantly. The video below shows how fast it might have been possible for an especially well-trained soldier to operate the standard Brown Bess.
Despite support from British officials, Ferguson almost immediately found himself up against a host of obstacles in trying to get his rifle into widespread use. For one, the weapon had been developed with a not insignificant emphasis on enabling light infantry tactics that the British Army remained largely opposed to in basic concept. To make up for the relative speed of fire and the limited range and accuracy of weapons such as the Brown Bess, at the time, the British Army and its contemporaries typically employed heavy or “line” infantry units standing in rows with limited maneuverability to maximize their firepower. In the years leading up to the Revolutionary War, the British had typically hired mercenaries or otherwise recruited irregulars, including colonial auxiliaries, to fill the role of light infantry. The British Army had an institutional aversion to the concept and routinely disbanded the units as soon as it no longer needed them. The demands of the Seven Years' War, and its French and Indian War side-show in North America, led to actual British troops filling the ranks of some of these formations. Historians credit Brigadier General Lord George Howe with finally beginning to break the British Army’s hostility toward light infantry when he formally proposed the creation of a full regiment trained in tactics similar to the ones he had observed among his French and Native American opponents. French forces killed Howe in 1758 near Lake George in what is now New York State. Seen behind him is an irregular wearing a coonskin cap, but the work does not show any of the significant numbers of Native Americans who fought for both sides during the battle. Ferguson, who trained in light infantry operations under Howe’s brother William, was a clear advocate for more flexibility on the battlefield and guns to go with it.
And with some senior elements within the British Army taking an increasingly positive view of light infantry, as well as sharpshooters, he was able to quickly secure a contract, albeit for just 300 guns, and received a patent for the breech-loading mechanism in December 1776. The far bigger issue was cost and complexity of manufacture. The British Army would’ve needed tens of thousands of Fergusons to replace the Land Pattern Musket and its cousins completely. The new rifles were four times more expensive than the Brown Bess and with just four gunsmiths building them, the guns were only reaching troops at a rate of less than 16 per month. In 1777, King George III finally ordered that Ferguson simply establish an Experimental Rifle Corps attached to General William Howe’s forces in the North American colonies. Even then, this unit of 100 men struggled to obtain the appropriate number of rifles, with some of them using other guns alongside them, reducing the overall effectiveness of the concept. The experimental formation took part in the massive Battle of Brandywine in September 1777, which occurred in present day Pennsylvania and lasted for approximately 11 hours, making the longest single-day engagement of the Revolutionary War. British troops backed by Hessian mercenaries inflicted heavy casualties on the colonial forces, including those under the command of George Washington. Howard Pyle via the Brandywine Museum A painting depicting Continental Army forces at the Battle of Brandywine. In what is likely an apocryphal story, Ferguson himself may have had the American commander in the sights of his own rifle, a shot that could have had serious ramifications for the conflict. As the story goes, he declined to shoot an enemy officer standing next to another individual in a hussar uniform since the individual’s back was turned.