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Join Us For Five Days of Education on the Industry's Leading Topics beginning October 5th. Save Your Seat Courtesy: Dewberry The International Building Code grants a number of exceptions when a building is “fully sprinklered, ” such as reductions in rated separations, reductions in fire hydrant flow demands, increased egress travel distances and increased building heights and areas. These exceptions are permitted with an expectation that, in the event of a fire, the sprinkler system will suppress the fire to a sufficient degree that occupants can safely evacuate the building and the growth of the fire will be controlled u nti l the fire department arrives to fully extinguish it. A fire pump is required w hen the available water source does not have adequate pressure. When a sprinkler system relies on a fire pump, the performance of the system is depe ndent on t he pressure created by the pump. In many high-rise buildings, this can be the automatic fire standpipe system demand which requires 500 gallons per minute at 100 pounds per square inch at the top of the most remote standpipe, plus 250 gpm for each additional standpipe, up to a maximu m of 1,000 gpm for wet systems or 1,250 gpm for dry systems. Though the IBC requires buildings with a highest finished floor located more than 30 feet above the lowest fire department vehicle access to be equipped with Class III standpipes or Class I if the buildin g is fully sprinklered, NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems allows the standpipes to be manual type with the necessary pressure provided by the fire department pumper truck through the fire department connection (2013 NFPA 14, Section 5.4.1.1), thus eliminating the standpipe demand from consideration. It is important to perform a hazard analysis of the building before attempti ng to size the fire pump. The building construction is non combustible, Type I I-B and e ach floor is approximately 18,000 square feet.
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The basement level contains electrical rooms, general storage rooms, a small oxygen storage room (250 s quare feet ) enclosed by a two-hour fire rating and a covered exterior loading dock. The center core area s on levels zero through four contain elevator lobbies, public corridor s and public restrooms. The building is equipped with a Class I wet manual standpipe system. While the oxygen storage room requires the highest density (0.30 gpm for e xtra h azard o ccupancy), this space is not the most hydraulically demanding. The two-hour rated enclosure provides an effective barrier to prevent fire spread outside of the room. For this reason, the calculated area need only extend to the perimeter walls of the room (NFPA 13 -2013, Section 11.2.3.3). A preliminary hydraulic calculation for this area indicates a required system pressure of 6 5 psi. Though the density for this remote area is only 0.15 gpm ( o rdinary h azard g roup 1), the top floor location requires additional pressure to overcome the head loss from elevation. A preliminary hydraulic calculation indicates a required system pressure of 90 psi. The water flow test used to size the fire pump is required to have been complet ed within the last 12 months (NF PA 20 -2013, Section 4.6.1.2 ). Fire pumps are typically sized by pressure range, therefore a 400 gpm pump with a revolutions per minute speed of 3, 550 can deliver a rated pressure from 40 to 56 psi without in creas ing the size of the pump. Because there is no cost difference between the rated pressure of 51 and 56 psi, and high pressure is not a concern, the 400 gpm pump rated at 56 psi is acceptable. Fire pump pressures will be explored in further detail later. NFPA 20 permits a maximum of three pumps to operate in series (NFPA 20 -2013, Section 4.19.2.1). Courtesy: Dewberry The most common choices for fire pump drivers are electric motors and diesel engines.
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Electric motors requiring high horsepower are commonly run on 460 volt or higher, three- phase power. Steam turbines are also an option, but are fairly uncommon. A fuel storage tank with the capacity to hold 1 gallon of fuel per horsepower plus an additional volume to provide room for thermal expansion is required. A dike must be provided beneath the fuel storage tank to contain any potential fuel spills. The diesel motor exhaust must be routed through a muffler to the outside. The enclosure size is substantially larger than normally required for an electric fire pump b ecause of the stored fuel and batteries necessary to provide a backup power source. Diesel fire pum ps are more expensive to install and maintain because of the large number of mechanical parts, which can be prone to failure. While horizontal split case pumps must be mounted on a concrete housekeeping pad, v ertical in-line pumps can instead be mounted on pipe stand supports.H orizontal split case pumps are only permitted to have elbows and tees installed perpendicular to the pump when the fitting is located at least 10 pipe s ize diameters from the suction flange (NFPA 20 -2013, Section s 4.14.6.3.1 to 4.14.6.3.3 ). Th ese requirement s are not applicable to vertical in-line styles. For this reason, i t is recommended that a hoist beam or another means of lifting is provided for vertical inline pumps greater than 30 horsepower. Courtesy: Dewberry For fire pumps such as horizontal split-case and vertical in-line centrifugal pumps that are required to operate under net positive suction head, the total head of a fire pump is calculated by adding the suction head (city pressure) to the discharge head. The discharge head of the pump varies along a performance curve that is determined by three limiting points: the shut-off, the rating and the overload. The rating is the listed pressure and flow that the pump should produce when operating at 100 of pump capacity.
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The total head pressure should not be less than 65 of the rated total head when the pump is operating at 150 of rated flow capacity, this is the overload point. System flow demands that exceed the overload point can expose the pump to possible cavitation and damage. Consider the previous example of a 400 gpm pump rated at 56 psi. This pump will produce 400 gpm at 56 psi when operating at 100 of pump capacity. It also can produce a maximum volume of 600 gpm at 36 psi when operating at 65 of pump capacity. The available volume and pressure vary along the pump curve. From the pump curve in Figure 3, the pu mp will deliver approximately 47 psi when flowing 507 gpm.The churn pressure is combined with the static water pressure from the connecte d source, resulting in a combined static pressure for which all components must be rated. As an example, a churn pressure rating of 126 will produce 71 psi of static discharge pressure from the aforementioned pump. It is important to include the pump churn rating in the factors to consider when weighing all of the options to make a proper pump selection. Vertical inline pumps are usually more cost effective when compared to horizontal split-case pumps in smaller sizes (less than 1,000 to 1,250 gpm ratings). It is recommended to consult a local fire pump representative to compare the horsepower ratings between horizontal split-case and vertical in-line pumps, as the horsepower rating can drive up co sts related to controls and electrical connections. Courtesy: Dewberry An ATS is an option on a fire pump controller that must be specified; a controller does not come normally equipped with an ATS. This is the default controller that will usually be supplied unless a different style has been specified.
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Many electrical engineers prefer “ s oft s tart” r educed -v oltage c ontrollers instead, because these controllers reduce the immediate power draw on the backup generator by slowly ramping up the voltage, allow ing for a reduction in generator size. The cost savings to the overall project may be greater by selecting the more expensive s oft s tart controller to reduce the size of the generator. Courtesy: Dewberry These valves must be electrically supervised through the fire alarm system. If a backflow preventer is equipped with butterfly valves, the minimum distance to the suction flange is increased to 50 feet ( NFPA 20-2013, Section 4.27.3.1). This increased distance is provided to allow for dissipation of air bubbles that may form as water pass es across the center disk of a fully open butterfly valve. Other nontraditional methods of backflow prevention, such as break tanks, are not addressed within the purview of this article. The control valve must be installed after th e check valve ( NFPA 20-2013, Section 4.15.7). If the fire pump is equipped with a flowmeter bypass, the bypass connection to the discharge pipe should be between the check valve and control valve. Where fire pumps are installed in a series, butterfly valves are not permitted to be installed between the pumps. The bypass line should be connected before the outside screw and yoke on the suction side and after the control valve on the discharge side of the pump. This equipment must be capable of water flow not less than 175 of rated pump capacity ( NFPA 20-2013, Section 4.20.2.2). When the metering device is installed in a loop arrangement for fire pump flow testing, an alternate means of measuring the flow must also be provided. The flowmeter bypass allows routine tests to be performed without discharging water to the environment. The bypass line is equipped with a Venturi flowmeter located between two normally closed butterfly valves.
The flowmeter bypass must be connected after the outside screw and yoke on the suction side and between the check valve and the control valve on the discharge side of the pump. These minimum requirements are outlined in NFPA 20 ( NFPA 20-2013, Table 4.26(a) ). When the pipe between the test header and the pump discharge flange exceeds 15 linear feet, the pipe diameter must be increased to the next size up. On the suction side of the pump, the flanged reducer must be the eccentric tapered type, installed in a manner to avoid air pockets. The reducer on the discharge side of the pump should be the concentric type. When a n FDC is located upstream of a fire pump, the result can be high velocities that increase water turbulence and expose the fire pump to damaging conditions. Many fire pumps have maximum suction pressure ratings that can be exceeded by the pressures distributed through the FDC. Courtesy: Dewberry A fire pump room should be locat ed on an exterior wall adjacent to the fire lane and above the floodplain. If the enclosure must be located inside, it shall be accessible by a passageway with a fire rating equal to that o f the fire pump enclosure. NFPA 20 requires the fire pump room to have a minim um two -h ou r fire rating when located in a high-rise building. The fire rating can be reduced to a one-hour rating when the fire pump enclosure is located in a fully sprinkled, non high-rise building. A good rule of thumb is to provide at least 12 inches of clearance behind the fire pump and a minimum distance of 12 inches from the edges of the entire fire pump assembly, piping and valves to the wall s. An approach clearance of at least 3 feet should be maintained in front of the fire pump and related equipment. Minimum clearances in accordance with NFPA 70 must be maintained around energized electrical equipment.
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This rule is applicable to all equipment that is nonessential to the operation of the fire pump except equipment related to domestic water distribution. NFPA 20 provides an exception for domestic water equipment to be located within the fire pump room. NFPA 20 contains valuable requirements, which should be strictly followed to ensure that the fire pump will perform as intended, should it ever be needed. Foster?has more than 17 years of experience in the fire sprinkler industry as a designer, estimator, design manager, project manager and company license holder. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.The pump intake is either connected to the public underground water supply piping, or a static water source (e.g., tank, reservoir, lake). The pump provides water flow at a higher pressure to the sprinkler system risers and hose standpipes. A fire pump is tested and listed for its use specifically for fire service by a third-party testing and listing agency, such as UL or FM Global.If the local building code requires power independent of the local electric power grid, a pump using an electric motor may utilize, when connected via a listed transfer switch, the installation of an emergency generator. The sprinkler system pressure drops significantly when one or more fire sprinklers are exposed to heat above their design temperature, and opens, releasing water. Alternately, other fire hoses reels or other firefighting connections are opened, causing a pressure drop in the fire fighting main. This usually occurs if the building is very tall, such as in high-rise buildings, or in systems that require a relatively high terminal pressure at the fire sprinkler in order to provide a large volume of water, such as in storage warehouses. Fire pumps are also needed if fire protection water supply is provided from a ground level water storage tank.
The jockey pump is essentially a portion of the fire pump's control system. A jockey pump is sized for a flow less than the flow to one sprinkler in order to ensure a system pressure drop. Jockey pumps are typically small multistage centrifugal pumps, and do not have to be listed or certified for fire system application. The control equipment for jockey pumps may however carry approvals. Jockey pumps should be sized for 3 of the flow of the main fire pump and to provide 10psi more pressure than the main fire pump (As per Code IS 15105: 2002)Archived from the original on 3 November 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The most important component in such a system is the fire pump. A carefully chosen fire pump of appropriate capacity and installed properly will form the back bone of such system. Even after installation, it is absolutely essential that the fire pumps are properly maintained and regularly tested so that they are in serviceable condition and come into operation instantly at the time of emergencies.At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below:The pump house should have adequate natural ventilation with windows, fitted with expanded metal for protection. In order to Facilitate proper installation and maintenance of fire fighting pumps, there should be provision of mild steel girder of appropriate x-section at suitable height in pump house for fixing chain pulley block.For pump house in basement, forced mechanical ventilation should be provided. The pump house located in the basement should also have easy accessibility from outside preferably through ramp.
The pump house should be of adequate dimension to house all the pumps with suction, delivery pipes, fittings and starter control panel, air vessel, etc, with adequate circulation area. Adequate head room clearance all around the pump for maintenance shall be made available. For smaller pumps, including jockey pumps, the clearance required should be 0.75 m at front and back and 0.60 m at sides and between pumps. The head room clearance for all pump houses should be minimum 2.75 m.The gauge thickness of panel should be 1.8 mm.The panel should have its separate battery, with battery charging device, and auto-manual changeover arrangement. It should incorporate an interlocking device with the main pump panel so that both the electric pump and the diesel pump do not operate simultaneously. Adequate precaution should be taken to avoid spillage of diesel to avoid any fire exigency.There should be two pressure switches—one with upper and lower limit for jockey pump and another one with only for lower pressure limit for the main pump. Stopping of main pumps should be only by manual push button which should be prominently indicated on the pump panel.The fire pumps have been divided into the following capacities:The other pumps are to be housed in the pump house. The pump house may be below the level of the water tank or constructed above the water tank depending upon the engineering conveniences. For fire fighting purpose, a pump house having the pumps below the water tank is always desirable, as this eliminates the necessity to have negative suction incorporating priming tank, foot-valve and other extra valves, etc. These are required to be pre-set on predetermined pressure suitable to particular risk.These pumps are known as Single Stage Pumps and the suction is at the end of the pump so that these are called End Suction Pumps. The speeds of these pumps are suitable for 2 pole motor or 4 pole motor.
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After the capacity of the pump and motor has been carefully chosen, to match each other perfectly, installation of the pumps in the pump house should be done with utmost care. As has been said above, the pump house shall have adequate spaces to keep enough circulation area within the pump house for the pump operator in times of emergency or maintenance. The pump and the motors are always cases connected together by connecting couplers and they are mounted on a common baseplate which is supplied by the pump manufacturers along with the pump. The baseplate shall be of sufficient length and width to house the pump and the motor comfortably.The foundation shall be of adequate thickness and dimension depending upon the type of the pump which will be installed. For extra ordinary big pumps, the thickness may go up to 150 mm. The size of the foundation shall cover the full length and width of the pump and at least 150 mm on the front and back of the pump and 75 mm on the sides as clearance. The foundation shall be designed as per IS 2974 (Part 3) and IS 2974 (Part 4).The rated head for vertical turbine pumps will be rated bowl head. The shut off head of pumps (other than jockey) should not exceed 120 percent of rated head for horizontal pumps and 140 percent of rated bowl head of vertical turbine pumps.At the supply end of the major tank, where the main supply source is at a distance exceeding 20 m, a sluice or gate valve shall be provided. From fire water storage reservoir two separate connections are taken to suction header (from each compartment of fire water storage.)The provision of a vacuum gauge for the suction pipe is recommended. If the pump is automatic in action, it shall necessarily be so fixed.In such cases, the capacity of the priming tank need not exceed 450 1 and the diameter of the priming pipe need not exceed 50 mm. Each pump shall be provided with an automatic by-pass connection and relief valve set below the shut off pressure.
It shall provide circulation of sufficient water to prevent the pump from over heating when operating with closed delivery and no discharge. The circulation relief valve should discharge approximately 3-5 percent of the pump rating. Test Line — Each pump shall be provided with test line and shut off valve for individual testing of pumps without discharging the system.The pump room shall be so located as to be both easily accessible and where any falling masonry and the like from other buildings occasioned by fire or other cause, cannot damage the pump room. Normally, pump rooms shall be located 6 m away from all surrounding buildings and overhead structures. Where this is not feasible, they may be attached to a building provided a perfect separation wall having 4 h fire rating is constructed between the pump room and the attached building, the roof of the pump room is of RCC construction at least 100 mm thick and access to the pump room is from the outside.Where the sub-station(s) and D.G. House(s) are attached to buildings, a four-hour rated wall shall be constructed to segregate the sub-station(s) and D.G. House(s). This shall be of RCC construction at least 200 mm thick or of masonry construction at least 230 mm thick.If the pumps are in basement, it is desirable to have the pumps protected by automatic sprinkler system.Therefore, it is absolutely essential that someone responsible person should be given the charge of ensuring that the fire pumps are properly maintained.The initial test should show the following:Release the system pressure by opening the hydrant valve partially. The jockey pump will come in operation. Open the valve fully when further drop in pressure which will allow the main pump to start automatically. Close the delivery outlet and allow the pump to run for 5 min every morning.This should be sufficient for 4 h running without replenishment. Check the sludge and sediment trap as provided in the auxiliary equipment list.
Also check the battery charging arrangement by tickler charger. For every cold areas, space heating is necessary to keep the engine in reasonably warm condition for immediate starting. If so, ensure that the room heating arrangement is working satisfactory.The starting should be tested by switching off the current and allowing system pressure to drop up to the pre-set level for diesel engine. Interlock arrangement with power supply should be restored.Roorkee DR T. P. SHARMANew Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER (E)Mumbai SHRI HARISH SALOTNo part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision.Show error Error: Error validating application. Application has been deleted. Type: OAuthException Code: 190 Please refer to our Error Message Reference. No matter the factors, we have an engine model that will work for any installation, anywhere in the world. View the complete HE vs. Radiator Brochure here! What type of coolant do I use. Can I change my PLD setpoint. All Questions Since 1964, we've been a world supplier for diesel fire pump drivers. Please note Clarke Fire Protection Products Inc (USA) remains fully operational. The 8100 Series fire pump is designed to provide water to stand pipe, sprinkler, chemical mitigation and hydrant systems for fire suppression in industrial and commercial facilities. Suction and discharge flanges are on a common centerline for easy installation. Impellers are dynamically balanced to reduce vibration and potential wear.All rights reserved.
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I think they are the bestSave so as not to loseStationary Pumps for Fire ProtectionPump. To protect lives and properties against fireTo meet building codes and insuranceNational Fire Protection Association -Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC). Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FM)NFPA PhilosophyPrevent a fire pump from turning on. Cause a fire pump to turn offNFPA20 Structure. Components (10 pages)NFPA15 (Spray or Mist Systems), Mains)Max Shutoff HeadApplication of the pump at capacities less thanWith proper suctionFlow. Pump Design FlowRequirementULC allows mechanical seals. Packing requires periodic adjustment andThe packing gland should be tightenedIf the gland is tightened to much, the sealTypesPumpsPumps. Used where aUnderground waterPumpsWet Pit - Electric. Motor DriverWet Pit - Diesel Engine DriverGaugesAir Release. Valve. Pressure Relief ValveNFPA Required. Pump AccessoriesDischarge gauge must readNFPA Required. Pump AccessoriesException: top centre-lineAir Release ValveShould be set between thePiped before the fire pumpCasing Relief ValveIsolation ValvesAnnular Type - 10O upstream - 5O downstream. Venturi Type - 7O upstream - 5O downstreamDiesel PumpsElectric PumpsRequirementHose Valves should be sized according to. Table 2-20 on Page 20-13. NFPA Fitting SizingPump Accessories. Fire Pump Rating. Suction. Size (in.). Discharge. Relief Valve. DischargeFlow Meter. Size of Hose. Valves. Hose Valve. Manifold. Size (in.)Every system has a normal leakage rateJockey Pump will maintain the pressure inThis will prevent the main fire pump fromJockey (pressure maintenance) pumps andA jockey pump should be sized such that it. CANNOT meet the flow demand of a singleJockey pumps should be sized for 1 ofJockey pumps should be sized to provideJockey pump should be sized so that itFire Pump start. Stop Point. Pump shutoffTime periodFire Pump OperationAppendix to the main text of the codeAppendix B (Application Guide for Electric.
Fire Pump Controllers)Head-PSIPLT ON 85psi Suct. PLT ON 85psi RPM. PLT OFF 85psi RPM. System Pressure. Limit. Pressure Limiting. Control RangeFull Service or Limited Service. HP of the motor. Voltage of the installation. Withstand rating. Starting methodReduced Voltage. Required. RequiredLoad. Current. Full speedWhy use it?When to use it?Diesel EngineMode). Starting sequence:Methods:Overspeed shutdown:Temperature, Low Oil Pressure, Overspeed. Failure to Start)Pump acceptance tests are defined in NFPA20. Chapter 11. Inspection and maintenance are defined in NFPA25. Chapter 5. Seals and bearings are the highest maintenance itemThe packing should be checked and adjusted eachAs fire pumps do not run often, bearings should beMotor bearings should also be checkedNow customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Our website uses cookies. To learn about the cookies we use and information about your preferences and opt-out choices, please click here. By using our application you agree to our use of cookies. Accept Our website captures some information about you automatically utilizing background local storage and session storage technologies (“Cookies”) in order to improve the user experience. Cookies are small files or other pieces of data which are downloaded or stored on your computer or other device, that can be tied to information about your use of the website (including certain third party services and features offered as part of our website). Examples of information of this type are your IP address, the browser you are using, the operating system you are using, the pages on the website that you visit and details of your transaction activity, such as the amount, date and time for each transaction. When we use Cookies, we may use “session” Cookies that last until you close your browser or “persistent” cookies that last until you or your browser delete them.