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Create an account or Access Institutional Sign In via Shibboleth or OpenAthens An institutional or society member subscription is required to view non-Open Access content.This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Neither BioOne nor the owners and publishers of the content make, and they explicitly disclaim, any express or implied representations or warranties of any kind, including, without limitation, representations and warranties as to the functionality of the translation feature or the accuracy or completeness of the translations.Your use of this feature and the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in the Terms and Conditions of Use of the BioOne website.Third Edition Create an account or Access Institutional Sign In via Shibboleth or OpenAthens It is not available for individual sale. To access this item, please sign in to your personal account. Create an account Create a new folder below.The second edition was published in 1978, but the third edition just arrived after 10 years of labor by the authors. Earlier editions of this book have long been a mainstay in acarology courses, especially when a laboratory is offered and students are taught how to use keys to identify mites to family. Like the previous editions, this hefty volume includes a brief introduction to acarine biology, phylogeny, morphology, ecology, and behavior. A chapter provides detailed information on how to collect and rear mites, as well as how to preserve and slidemount mites. There is an extensive bibliography (114 pages) as well as a systematic (19 pages) and a subject (12 pages) index. The bulk of the book contains up-to-date information on the classification of mites and keys. Individual chapters with diagnoses and keys are provided for the orders, suborders, and a cohort, with line drawings and other illustrations.
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Most chapters include keys to families (and in the case of the ticks, keys to genus). This volume includes a new ranking of mite groups compared to the 1978 edition. For example, the order Astigmata (or Acaridida, according to some) is placed in a cohort within the suborder Oribatida, a downgrading of its previous status. Significant other changes also were made in ranking, with the basis for these changes apparently based on morphological analyses rather than the use of molecular phylogenies. This edition indicates there are 6 orders (including the Opilioacaridida, Holothyrida, Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Trombidiformes, Sarcoptiformes) within the subclass Acari. The identification of mites to family with the keys requires that adult mites (often both males and females) be killed, fixed, and preserved before being slide-mounted for observation under a light microscope. As noted by the authors, “Making a good slide mount requires practice and more than a modicum of patience. Pitfalls to be avoided include improper centering of theThis volume will be useful to those who are teaching courses in acarology that include laboratories involving mite identification. It will be valuable to serious acarologists everywhere, as well as ecologists and others interested in this highly diverse group of arthropods. The update in references is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the orders. Information on the biology of mites is updated, although in abbreviated form, but those interested in learning more about a specific group may find references leading to more detailed information. Unfortunately, as Lindquist, Krantz, and Walter point out in Chapter 8, “Discoveries of new mite species, genera, and even families have continued apace, and many of these findings have challenged existing familiar- and generic-level concepts.” As a result, this volume may have a limited lifespan because new discoveries will lead to different perspectives in the placement of the acarine taxa.
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However, this valuable volume represents an enormous contribution of time and accumulated wisdom on the part of its expert authors. It would have been interesting if the authors had compared their ordinal, subordinal, and generic categories, based primarily on morphological traits, with molecular phylogenies. Mites are highly evolved and have lost many taxonomically useful characters; unlike insects, they lack antennae, wings (and thus, venation), and have lost their primitive segmentation patterns. Despite this quibble, the volume clearly is a labor of love by dedicated acarologists, and is a very significant addition to the acarological literature. Enjoy this volume, because the field of acarology (and entomology) is losing skilled taxonomic specialists at a rapid rate, and any future editions of this book may be at least as long in coming as this one. Create a new folder below. Some features of WorldCat will not be available.By continuing to use the site, you are agreeing to OCLC’s placement of cookies on your device. Find out more here. Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this WorldCat.org search. OCLC’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus issues in their communities.However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. Please enter recipient e-mail address(es). Please re-enter recipient e-mail address(es). Please enter your name. Please enter the subject. Please enter the message. Author: G W Krantz; David Evans WalterView all editions and formats This title is of interest to researchers, teachers, students, and plant and animal scientists wishing to explore the complex and often astonishing world of mites.
Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002. Please select Ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway. All rights reserved. You can easily create a free account. The 13-digit and 10-digit formats both work. Please try again.Please try again.Something we hope you'll especially enjoy: FBA items qualify for FREE Shipping and. Learn more about the program. Please choose a different delivery location.The third edition remains primarily taxonomic in approach, but it also provides detailed information on subjects that include phylogeny, biology, morphology, systematics, ecology, and behavior. The editors discuss collection and rearing techniques in detail, along with specimen preparation and methods of preservation. Taxonomic diagnoses for the 124 presently recognized superfamilies of Acari are included in their appropriate systematic chapters, and feeding habits, host range, and distribution of member families and representative species are discussed under each superfamilial heading. The authors complement their text with keys to families (with the Ixodida keyed to genus), a bibliography comprising more than 4,000 entries, and a detailed index. More than 1,330 labeled line drawings and scanning electron micrographs illustrate the text. Unlike previous editions, the third is the product of a team effort by ten authors whose contributions have been amalgamated into a seamless text. In addition to the editors, the contributors are V. M. Behan-Pelletier, D. R. Cook, M. S. Harvey, J. E. Keirans, E. E. Lindquist, R. A. Norton, B. M. OConnor, and I. M. Smith, all leading experts in their areas of acarology. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading.
In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Please try again later. JC 5.0 out of 5 stars If it makes her happy, it is very useful for school.It is my opinion that it will be very useful to grad students and first level acarologists all over the world.What is the possibility that you can supply me with a tax Invoice with my University's name on so that I can claim the money back. If yes than I will supply the address, but if no then it will be no problem because this book is precious to me. Kind regards EddieUm so schwerer fallt es dem Einsteiger, sich mit der ungeheuren Vielfalt dieser Gruppe vertraut zu machen. Hier leistet das Manual of Acarology unschatzbare Dienste. In der vorliegenden dritten Auflage nochmals grundlegend aktualisiert, erweitert und um viele Details erganzt, sowie mit uberarbeitetem, sehr gelungenem Layout vereint es die Funktionen von Lehrbuch, Nachschlagewerk, Bestimmungs- und Arbeitshilfe. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei klar auf taxonomischem und faunistischem Arbeiten. In einleitenden Kapiteln werden grundlegende Aspekte der Milbenbiologie ausfuhrlich erortert, dabei werden vor allem au?erlich sichtbare und fur die Klassifikation wertvolle Merkmale besprochen. Eine Vielzahl qualitativ hochwertiger Zeichnungen stellt die Anatomie der Milbengruppen und die dazugehorige Fachterminologie ausfuhrlich und ubersichtlich vergleichend dar. Schon hier weisen entsprechend strukturierte Bestimmungsschlussel den Leser mit speziellen Interessen in das entsprechende weiterfuhrende Kapitel.
Nach einem sehr informativen Kapitel zur praktischen Arbeit mit Milben, in dem Fang-, Sammel- und Praparationsmethoden vorgestellt und verglichen werden, folgen die Kapitel, in denen jeweils die Gro?gruppen anatomisch und taxonomisch vorgestellt werden. Die einzelnen Kapitel wurden jeweils von ausgewiesenen Spezialisten fur diese Gruppe verfasst, und enthalten detaillierte Beschreibungen, Merkmalsdiagnosen und gro?formatige Abbildungen. Daran schlie?t sich in jedem Kapitel ein Bestimmungsschlussel an, der die Bestimmung in der aktuellen Ausgabe endlich durchgangig bis zur Familie, in einigen Fallen bis zur Gattung erlaubt. Auch die einzelnen, aufgeschlusselten Taxa werden jeweils noch einmal ausfuhrlich und durch viele Abbildungen unterstutzt, besprochen und einander gegenubergestellt. Diese zwei Basiswerke erganzen sich dabei fur den angehenden Acarologen sehr gut, wer sich ernsthaft und langfristig mit Milben befassen mochte, sollte die Anschafung beider Werke ernsthaft in Betracht ziehen. Das Manual of Acarology ist als grundlegende Ubersicht uber die Diversitat der Acari und als Hilfe zum spezielleren Einstieg in die jeweiligen Gruppen dabei sicher konkurrenzlos. Das Werk besticht auch durch seine hochwertige Verarbeitung und ein sehr durchdachtes, schones Layout, das die gebotene Fulle an Information leicht erschlie?bar macht.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again C'est pour moi un outil de travail qui en acarologie fait souvent defaut dans notre langue (le francais). Il est clair, simple, et parfaitement illustre. C'est un regale de s'en servir quotidiennement. Comme toujours ce ne sont que les bases mais avec d'autre litterature du meme type et l'internet c'est l'ouvrage qu'il vous faudra avoir a porte de main.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again Un grand merci aux auteurs.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again. So many books can be found in this website. So, this is not only this manual of acarology.
However, this book is referred to read because it is an inspiring book to give you more chance to get experiences and also thoughts. This is simple, read the soft file of the book and you get it. View PDF Save to Library Create Alert Cite Launch Research Feed Share This Paper Top 3 of 627 Citations View All Technique for positional slide-mounting of Acari R. Henderson 2001 16 On predation in Epicriidae (Gamasida, Anactinotrichida) and fine- structural details of their forelegs Gerd Alberti 2010 8 Review of a new guide to the identification, biology and control of citrus mites Zhi-Qiang Zhang 2010 1 Citations Publications citing this paper. Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. Report this Document Download Now Save Save A Manual of Acarology For Later 88 (8) 88 found this document useful (8 votes) 3K views 348 pages A Manual of Acarology Uploaded by Leonardo Daniel Ortega Description: Full description Save Save A Manual of Acarology For Later 88 88 found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 13 13 found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 348 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. Report this Document Download Now Save Save acarology.pdf For Later 91 (22) 91 found this document useful (22 votes) 4K views 812 pages acarology.pdf Uploaded by Frederico Kirst Description: Full description Save Save acarology.pdf For Later 91 91 found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 9 9 found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 812 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. Corvallis, Oregon. 1970. 335 p.
, including 36 figures and 144 plates.Such basic information is presented clearly in 54 pages of 7 introductory chapters. The 10-page discussion of collection, preparation and mounting of mite specimens is particularly good. The remainder of the manual is devoted to mite classification to the family level with the exception of the Hydrachnellae and Cryptostigmata, which are keyed only to superfamilies. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Second Printing. Red cloth cover with gilt lettering; cover; NOT ex-library; Study of mites and ticks; Very Good slightly rubbed, no bent corners, three pages have underlining or highlightling.Condition: New. Special order direct from the distributor.Unread book in perfect condition.Unread book in perfect condition.Satisfaction Guaranteed. Book is in Used-Good condition. Pages and cover are clean and intact. Used items may not include supplementary materials such as CDs or access codes. May show signs of minor shelf wear and contain limited notes and highlighting.Our BookSleuth is specially designed for you. All Rights Reserved. Living arthropods, nematodes, snails and annelids were ignored, but dead arthropods were readily fed upon and were sufficient to maintain adults and nymphs for many months. The adults were sluggish, timid animals that relied on armour, thanatosis and probably on noxious chemicals for protection: the juveniles produced secretions from idiosomal glands. In contrast, most early derivative Mesostigmata that we tested (Sejina, species of Sejus and Uropodella; Uropodina, Polyaspis sp.Similarly, the early derivative acariform (Palaeosomata, species of Stomacarus and Loftacarus) and opilioacariform mites (an undescribed Opilioacarida from Australia) that we examined all ingested particulate foods, including fungal and animal material.
These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the earliest mites were scavengers and opportunistic predators that ingested solid foods and that fluid feeding is a derived condition linking the three orders of Parasitiformes (Holothyrida, Ixodida and Mesostigmata). Subscription will auto renew annually. Taxes to be calculated in checkout. Oregon State University Bookstores, Corvallis. In South Australian Yearbook, D.J. Woolman, (ed.), Government Printer, South Australia. Saunders College Publishing, Toronto. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague. Subscription will auto renew annually. Taxes to be calculated in checkout. Groups Discussions Quotes Ask the Author To see what your friends thought of this book,This book is not yet featured on Listopia.But with practice, as with anything, it got easier. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Please try again.No Cost EMI availableNow the completely revised and updated third edition is available to researchers, teachers, students, and plant and animal scientists wishing to explore the complex and often astonishing world of mites. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Get your Kindle here, or download a FREE Kindle Reading App.To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. It also analyses reviews to verify trustworthiness. Um so schwerer fallt es dem Einsteiger, sich mit der ungeheuren Vielfalt dieser Gruppe vertraut zu machen. Please try again If it makes her happy, it is very useful for school.Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again Sorry, we failed to record your vote. Please try again It is my opinion that it will be very useful to grad students and first level acarologists all over the world.Sorry, we failed to record your vote.
Please try again What is the possibility that you can supply me with a tax Invoice with my University's name on so that I can claim the money back. Kind regards EddieSorry, we failed to record your vote. A pair of strong sclerotized rutella flank these organs (Plate 3-3). The rutella may aid the mite in cleaning its chelicerae or in holding its food. 7. A strongly developed raduliform labrum (Plate 3-3).There is no anteriorly 8. A paired tritosternal base (Plate 3-3) rather than the fused base found in more advanced parasitiform mites. 9. Divided trochanters III-IV (Plate 13-1), plus false articulations on femora, tibiae and tarsi. 10. Transverse genital apertures in male and female uncovered, between coxae III-IV. IMotostigmatids prefer dark protected semi-arid habitats, and are found under rocks or stones where they apparently prey on other small arthropods. They may be omnivorous to some extent, since pollen grains have been recovered in the ventricular contents of dissected specimens. The distribution of the Notostigmata includes the southwestern United States, South America, Central Asia and the Mediterranean region. The IMotostigmata are considered to be unique in the Acari, but show definite 63 affinities with the Parasitiformes. They are grouped in a separate order, the Opilioacariformes (Fig. 13), and are relegated to a single family, the OPILIOACARIDAE. Useful identifying features include: tized non-segmented species without propodosomal ocelli. 1. A pair of lateroventral stigmatal openings opposite coxae III which are connected to peritremes (Plate 14-3). A second pair of openings behind coxae IV (air sac poresi may be homologous to the expulsory vesicles in certain freeliving Mesostigmata. 2. Only four pairs of lyrifissures on the dorsum, the median pair corresponding to the propodosomal fissures of the Mesostigmata (Plate 14-3). With at least eight additional pairs laterally. 3.
A subterminal palpal apotele which may be useful in holding or grasping food (Plate 14-1,2). 4. Lack of With’s organs, rutella and epistome. The labrum is strongly developed and raduliform. Corniculi are present. 5. Six pairs of setae on the hypostome (Plate 14-4). 6. Lack of a discrete tritosternum. 7. A transverse genital aperture covered by four setate shields (Plate 13-3). The posteroventral anal aperture is covered by a pair of setate valves, each of which may have lyrifissures (Plate 13-4). The Tetrastigmata apparently are predators, and have been found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Ceylon, Seychelles and Mauritius. They comprise a single family, the HOLOTHYRIDAE. Important References Hammen, L, van der (1961). Description of Hotothyrus granctjeani nov. spec., and notes on the classification of the mites. Nova Guinea n.s. 10(9): 173-194. Hammen, L, van der (1965).While the majority of mesostigmatid species are predators, many are external or internal parasites of mammals, birds, reptiles or invertebrates (Strandtmann and Wharton 1958, Treat 1967). Mesostigmatids range in size from 200 to over 2000 yi and usually possess a number of sclerotized shields or plates on the dorsum and venter. A discrete sternal shield may be present in any stage. The laciniae, or the entire structure, may be absent in certain parasitic families. 6. An anteriorly projecting epistome which may be simple or highly ornamented (Plate 15). The labrum may be well developed, but is not clearly raduliform as in the Tetrastigmata. 7. A transverse genital aperture in the intercoxal region covered with one, three, or four shields in the female (Plate 15-7,8,9) and by one or two shields in the male. The posteroventral anal valves may have a pair of setae. 8. Lack of an aedeagus in males. The male genital aperture is located either at the anterior edge of, or within, the sternitigenital region.
Members of the Mesostigmata may be found throughout the world in association with soil, litter, nests, plants, food storages and animals. The suborder is divided into two supercohorts primarily on the basis of genital shield configurations. Approximately 60 families are included in the suborder, and these are grouped into six cohorts and eleven superfamilies. A revision of the suborder Mesostigmata (Acarina), based on new interpretations of comparative morphological data. Male genital aperture at anterior margin of sternal shield or within it, male chelicerae often with spermgtodactyl for the transfer of sperm to female. The Parasitoidea is a large and somewhat heterogenous assemblage of families which assume a wide variety of free-living or parasitic modes of life. Many are predaceous ground or aerial forms (Sellnick 1958, Bregetova 1961, van der Merwe 1968), or vertebrate ecto- or endoparasites (Tipton 1960, Radovsky 1967, Fain 1967). Others may be found as associates ofarthropods (Evans 1962, Hurlbutt 1967) or as detritus feeders. Members of the families VEIGAIIDAE, PARHOLASPIDAE, EPICRIIDAE, ZERCONDAE and PARASITIDAE (among others) may be considered free-living predaceous species. Except for the PHYTOSEIIDAE and ASCIDAE, essentially all members of these families occur in soil and humus, in rotting logs and other habitats where environmental conditions favor large populations of microarthropods. Species of the PHYTOSEIIDAE and ASCIDAE are aerial predators in orchards, where they prey on phytophagous mites. 71 Certain ascid mites act as predators on mites in stored grain. Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese) is particularly common in mite-infested grain storages, A number of parasitoid families contain species which, although predaceous, are associated phoretically with other animals during one or more stages of the mite’s development.
Phoresy or paraphagy on insects or myriapods is common among predaceous members of the families MACROCHELIDAE (Evans and Hyatt 1962), EVIPHIDIDAE (Karg 1963), RHODACARIDAE (Ryke 1961), LAELAPIDAE (Evans 1955), AMEROSEIIDAE (Evans 1963), ASCIDAE (Lindquist and Evans 1965), DIGAMASELLIDAE (Hurlbutt 1967) and PACHYLAELAPIDAE (Vitzthum 1931). Members of the genera Holocelaeno, Macrocheles and Neopodocinum (MACROCHELIDAE) exhibit varying degrees of phoretic specificity to their scarabaeid beetle (Krantz and IVIellott 1968) or muscid fly carriers. Specificity also exists in other phoretic families, especially in the EVIPHIDIDAE and PACHYLAELAPIDAE. While most phoretic parasitoid associates of insects attach to. Various myrmecophilous species of the families LAELAPIDAE and HETEROZERCONIDAE may derive food directly from their hosts, feeding on salivary secretions of the ants upon which they ride. Species of the genus Rhinoseius (ASCIDAE) are phoretic on hummingbirds, utilizing them for transportation from flower to flower where the mites may feed on other arthropods or on pollen (Baker and Yunker 1964, Lindquist and Evans 1965). A similar relationship may exist between bees and mites of the genus Neocypholaelaps (AMEROSEIIDAE), which have been collected from both bees and flowers (Evans 1963), Adults of the genus Aspidilaelaps (LAELAPIDAE) are associated with hermit crabs in the southwestern Pacific region. Parasitoid parasites are found throughout the world on mammals, birds, reptiles and insects, feeding on tissues or secretions of their various hosts. Most parasitic families are more or less specific to particular animal groups; for example, the families SPINTURNICIDAE (Rudnick 1960) and SPELAEORHYNCHIDAE (Fain et at. 1967) are restricted to bats, the HALARACHNIDAE to mammals, the RHIIMONYSSIDAE to birds, and the ENTONYSSIDAE, OMENTOLAELAPIDAE and IXODORHYNCHIDAE to reptiles (Fain 1961, Strandtmann and Wharton 1958).
The families MACRONYSSIDAE, DERMANYSSIDAE and HETEROZERCONIDAE comprise species which may be found on mammals, birds or reptiles and, in the case of the heterozerconids, on arthropods also. Members of the family OTOPHEIDOMENIDAE are parasites of insects, feeding on exudates at sites of cheliceral laceration of host tissues. Primary injury to host animals by parasitoid parasites may be occasioned by the piercing of the skin of the host, as with members of the genus Dermanyssus (DERMANYSSIDAE), or through secondary injury of broken skin as with Laelaps (LAELAPIDAE). Exsanguination of bird hosts by species of Ornithonyssus, and of snakes by Ophionyssus (MACRONYSSIDAE) may cause anemia or death of the host (Baker et at. 1956). Respiratory parasitesof thefamilies RHINONYSSIDAE, ENTONYSSIDAE and HALARACHNIDAE 72 often bring about lung congestion, sinusitis or rhinitis in host species. Species of the families DERMANYSSIDAE, LAELAPIDAE and MACRONYSSIDAE are proven transmitters of disease in birds, reptiles and mammalsincluding man. Useful References Athias Henriot, C. (1961). Mesostigmates (Urop. excl.) edaphiques Mediterraneans (Acaromorpha, Anactidotrichida). Prem. Ser, Acarologia 3(4):381-509. Athias Henriot, C. (1968). Observations sur \QS Pergamasus IV. Un essai de coordination de la taxonomie et de la chorologie du sous-genre Pergamasus s.s. (Acariens Anactinotriches, Parasitidae). Les acariens parasites nasicoles des oiseaux de Trinidad indes Occidentals. I, Rhinonyssidae: Mesostigmates. Bull. Inst. roy. Sci, nat. Belgique 43:1-44, Fain, A., G. Anastos, J- Camin and D. Johnston (1967). Notes on the genus Spelaeorhynchus. Description of S. precursor Neumann and of two new species. Hurlbutt, H. (1967). Digamasellid mites associated with bark beetles in North America. Male genital aperture within sternal shield; male chelicerae unmodified for sperm transfer.
The Sejoidea includes three recognized families, of which the SEJIDAE is the Sejids occur commonly in forest humus and litter in the tropics, but a few species are found also in temperate North America and Europe. Zuluacarus termitophilus (Trag.) is found scavenging in termite nests. One species was discovered on a rat in Puerto Rico (Fox 1947), although no ectoparasitic relationship was established. Only three species of MICROGYNIIDAE are described, with one being found in Northwestern United States and two occurring in Scandinavia. Their habits are unknown, although their mouthparts Like the SEJIDAE, do not appear to be well adapted for a predaceous existence.The UROPODELLIDAE also are found in forest litter, where they may feed on fungi or organic debris. Uropodellids have been collected in North and South America. best known. Useful References - Henriot, C. (1960). Contribution aux Mesostigmates d’Algerie (Parasitiformes: Liroaspidae, Veigaiidae). Sellnick, M, (1953).Tritosternal base broader than long; tarsi I with or without apoteles. Male genital aperture within sternal shield, male chelicerae unmodified for sperm transfer. 75 The Trachytoidea is an assemblage of species found in forest and treehole litter, moss, under tree bark, in ant nests and on insects throughout most of the world. The superfamily consists of three families, the DISCOURELLIDAE, the TRACHYTIDAE and the POLYASPIDAE. The discourellids are a holarctic group, with most of the known species being European in distribution (Johnston 1961). Deutonymphs of the families TRACHYTIDAE and POLYASPIDAE often are found attached to insects. Apionoseius deutonymphs (family TRACHYTIDAE), for example, have been recovered from trogine and geotrupine scarabs, while deutonymphs of Polyaspis (family POLYASPIDAE) are found frequently on passalid beetles in neotropical regions. Polyaspid nymphs also have been recovered from ant nests.